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Declining trade surplus spurs call for supply chain resilience (Food For Mzansi)
The declining trade surplus in South Africa, which has decreased from R20 billion to R14 billion in recent years, underscores several systemic challenges that the country faces. These challenges have their roots in a complex mix of logistical, infrastructural, production, and global market issues.
Infrastructure woes, particularly South Africa’s erratic power supply and inefficient port operations, further complicate trade within and with the country. These issues not only slow down production but also increase the cost of doing business, making South African exports less competitive on the global stage.
Production interruptions and capacity constraints are another area of concern. These challenges stem from a protracted lack of investment in manufacturing and beneficiation, which is the process of converting raw materials into finished products. This lack of focus on value addition means that South Africa primarily exports raw materials, only to then have to re-import them as more expensive finished goods.
Shipping bottlenecks are another issue that continues to plague the trade sector, with global logistical challenges impacting the timely and cost-effective transport of goods. While this situation is finally starting to improve, there is still a need for trade participants to diversify shipping partners, seek out viable alternative ports, and increase storage capabilities to mitigate the issues. Possibly the most significant contributor to the country’s declining trade surplus is a deeper problem over which local industries have little control, namely the lower global demand for commodities, a primary South African export and key contributor to economic stability and growth.
The Board of Directors of the African Development Bank (AfDB) has approved a financing package of 92.3 million euro for the implementation of the Tunisian government’s Support Program for Business Competitiveness and Empowerment of the Population through Job Creation (CAP-Emplois). The financing consists of a 90 million Euro loan from the Bank Group, and a grant of 2.3 million Euro from the Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We-Fi) Trust Fund, under the Affirmative Finance Action for Women in Africa (AFAWA) initiative.
“The findings of a survey by the Bank in Tunisia show that established and potential entrepreneurs could create many jobs, but they are subject to structural constraints that hold back investment projects, productivity and growth. This project helps entrepreneurs to address these problems,” said Malinne Blomberg, Deputy Director General of the Bank Group for North Africa and Country Manager for Tunisia.
Constraints affecting the development of Tunisian entrepreneurs include level of education and access to the market, particularly for informal businesses. Entrepreneurs also find it difficult to recruit employees with necessary skills, and lack access to business support services and finance.
Algeria’s economic recovery is strengthening and its gross domestic product (GDP), which increased by 3.6 percent in 2022 and 4.2 percent in 2023, is set to be 4.0 percent in 2024 and 3.7 percent in 2025, according to the African Development Bank Group’s Country Report 2024, which will be officially presented in Algiers in mid-September.
According to the report, Algeria’s economic growth is supported by the oil and gas, industrial, construction and services sectors. Employment patterns show a move towards the services sector to the detriment of agriculture and manufacturing industry, emphasizes the report, nonetheless noting that the structure of GDP has not fundamentally changed and that the country should implement further reforms to speed up the structural transformation of its economy.
Ethiopia’s Horticulture Sector Poised for Growth with CEHA National Chapter Launch (COMESA)
Ethiopia’s horticulture sub-sector is set for significant growth following the launch of the COMESA-EAC Horticulture Accelerator (CEHA) National Chapter. This initiative, unveiled in Addis Ababa on August 13, 2024, is part of a broader strategy to tap into the vast potential of the horticulture industry across the region.
H.E. Dr. Meles Mekonnen, Ethiopia’s State Minister of Agriculture and Horticulture Development, highlighted the importance of the CEHA Ethiopia National Chapter in coordinating and accelerating the country’s horticulture development. The initiative will focus on three key crops—potatoes, avocados, and onions—chosen for their potential to drive economic growth and align with development partners’ investment priorities.
“These crops have been selected based on their production capacity, significant potential to drive economic growth, and development partners’ investment priorities,” said Dr. Mekonnen, represented at the event by his Advisor, Prof. Ali Mohamad. “There is significant headroom for growth and job creation through investments and modernisation in these value chains,” Dr. Mukuka remarked. He also emphasized the pivotal role of women in the horticulture value chain and the need to embrace climate-smart technologies.
We’ll exploit climate challenges to reshape economy (Tribune Online)
President Bola Tinubu has assured that Nigeria will transform the challenges posed by climate change into opportunities for economic transformation and sustainable development. He gave the assurance on Tuesday in his keynote address at the launch of a sustainability emission tracking device by Netzence Sustainability Limited, a sustainability technology and management company.
Tinubu observed that rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and shifting rainfall patterns are threatening the foundation of Nigeria’s development and the well-being of its people. Represented by the Minister of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Dr. Uche Nnaji, President Tinubu spoke on the theme, “Accelerating Nigeria’s Net Zero Target and Carbon Market Ecosystem with Netzence Sustainability Limited.” He said that within the challenge, there is a tremendous opportunity to reshape the nation’s economy, embrace sustainable development, and position Nigeria as a leader in the global fight against climate change.
President Tinubu further noted that Nigeria has set an ambitious target: to achieve net zero emissions by 2060, adding: “This is not just a target; it is a commitment to future generations, a commitment to protect our environment, and a commitment to drive economic growth sustainably.”
Republic of Congo Economic Update: Designing fiscal instruments for sustainable forestry and economic growth (World Bank)
A new World Bank report released today shows that the Congolese economy is gradually recovering, with GDP growth estimated at 1.9% in 2023. Growth is projected to reach 3.5% in 2024, supported by oil and non-oil activities that are expected to increase by 4.2% and 3.5%, respectively. The recovery remains fragile, owing primarily to the volatility of oil production.
The Eleventh Economic Update for the Republic of Congo notes that inflation accelerated to an average of 4.3% in 2023. Severe food insecurity is also increasing, affecting 59% of the population. Widespread poverty persists, with nearly one in two Congolese living on less than US$2.15 a day. The report underscores how important it is for the Republic of Congo to design effective fiscal instruments for sustainable forestry and economic growth.
Forests cover two-thirds of Congo’s territory, and the country has successfully kept its deforestation rate low and stable despite economic development and illegal logging. Over the past decade, Congo has implemented major forest policy reforms to strengthen sustainability, including enacting a new forest code in 2020. Congo is committed to reducing its CO2 emissions by 32% by 2030, which will require external financial support of about $7.1 billion for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Despite the critical role played by Congo’s forests and by forests in the Congo Basin in general, international funding remains inadequate.
Africa’s export surges to $665.4bn But strives for more presence in World Trade (Graphic)
Africa’s exports experienced significant growth in 2023, with total exports reaching $665.4 billion, a 16.8% increase over 2022. This growth was primarily driven by minerals and IT services. Despite this progress, the continent’s share of global exports remains modest, constituting less than 3%. South Africa, Morocco and Nigeria led the continent’s export market, with Asia, particularly China, now surpassing Europe as the main export destination.
According to the Africa Export Competitiveness Report 2023, the world recovered considerably from the lows of the pandemic in 2023, total world merchandise exports stood at $7.2 trillion, which is far higher than before the pandemic.
Africa’s trade seemed to be aligned with the world trend as it registered $665 billion in merchandise exports, which is 16.8% higher than in 2022. It said African export of services in 2023 stood at $132 billion, an increase of 30% over 2022. It indicated that the percentage increase in African services exports was even higher than experienced by the world as a whole during the same period.
“Despite recording the highest global trade value for merchandise goods and services in 2022-23, Africa has yet to position itself as a leading export hub.”
The report said mining, agricultural and extractive products heavily dominate Africa’s merchandise exports. ”In the period 2000-2021, we see that metal products’ share in exports has not varied much ranging from around 4%-8%. The share of agricultural products has seen a U-shaped trend in recent years with agricultural products reaching a level of 16.05% in 2002 and then falling to their lowest share in 2008 at 8.8% before rising back to its 2002 levels by 2020. The share of stones in the merchandise export basket has seen significant and continuous increases from 7.53% in 2000 to 17.82% in 2021, showcasing a shift from mineral products but still expanding into a primary industry,” it stated.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of the Republic of Zimbabwe, Honourable Ambassador Dr. Frederick Shava on 13 August 2024 assumed the Chairship of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Council of Ministers from His Excellency Ambassador Ambassador Téte António, Minister of External Relations of the Republic of Angola. This comes ahead of the assumption of the SADC Chairship by His Excellency Dr. Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa, President of the Republic of Zimbabwe from His Excellency João Lourenço, President of the Republic of Angola at the 44th SADC Summit to be held on 17 August 2024.
In his acceptance speech, Hon. Ambassador Dr. Shava expressed his commitment to steering the Council of Ministers, guided by the 44th SADC Summit theme; “Promoting Innovation to Unlock Opportunities for Sustained Economic Growth and Development towards an Industrialised SADC”, which entails the rigorous implementation of our regional agenda. The Chairperson of the Council highlighted that, through the implementation of the theme SADC will take measures to promote innovation; create opportunities for the present and future generations through sustainable regional industrialisation and economic growth.
Outgoing Chairperson of the Council of Ministers, His Excellency Ambassador Téte António highlighted that, over the past year, SADC has made significant progress in promoting regional cooperation, integration and development guided by the 43rd SADC Summit Theme: Human and Financial Capital: The Key Drivers for Sustainable Industrialisation in the SADC Region, which was adopted in August 2023 in Luanda, Angola.
He said, as part of the implementation of the theme, the SADC region paid attention to the need to have a well-educated and skilled workforce that can foster innovation, increase productivity and, ultimately, drive the SADC regional industrialisation agenda.
Lamola commends steps towards regional stability and economic integration (DIRCO)
On August 13 &14, 2024, the Southern African Development Community’s (SADC) Council of Ministers gathered in Harare to set the stage for the 44th Heads of State and Government Summit. The theme for the summit is, Promoting Innovation to unlock opportunities for sustained economic growth and development towards an Industrialised SADC. The outcomes of this pivotal meeting will be presented to the SADC Summit of Heads of State and Government, on 18 August 2024.
Leading South Africa’s delegation, Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Ronald Lamola, accompanied by Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana, engaged in discussions centred on the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 2020-2025. Minister Lamola expressed satisfaction with the Executive Secretary’s Report for the 2023/2024 period, highlighting its crucial insights as the region approaches the Mid-Term Review of the RISDP in 2025. “We are heartened by the steady progress our region is making in implementing the RISDP for 2020-2030,” Lamola stated.
Significant achievements were noted, including a 21% increase in intra-SADC trade to GDP in 2023 and attracting $6 billion in foreign direct investment. Infrastructure developments, such as One-Stop Border Posts and SMART Integrated Economic Corridors Management tools, were highlighted as key drivers of regional progress.
Minister Lamola outlined South Africa’s stance on critical issues, including regional food and nutrition security, the re-establishment of the Mining Ministerial Forum and the implementation of the Industrialisation Strategy and Roadmap 2015-2063. “South Africa and the region cannot afford to continue to export their raw minerals to faraway countries only to import beneficiated consumer products at inflated prices. Value addition and commercialisation of our critical minerals must be at the core of our industrialisation strategy,” said Minister Lamola.
The SADC Region continues to face significantly devastating impacts of climate-related risks, natural hazards, and disasters. Since the 1980s, the region has seen an increase in the number of reported disasters whose intensity, frequency and level of devastation has been increasing, thereby compromising the developmental strides that the region has been making. These devastating impacts of disasters particularly in Southern Africa have become an indicator that the region and Member States may not attain the Sustainable Development Goals.
As such, in March 2022, the Secretary General of the United Nations directed the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), to lead a new initiative that will provide every citizen on the planet with coverage of an Early Warning System. The Early Warnings for All (EW4All) initiative is a groundbreaking effort to ensure everyone on Earth is protected from hazardous weather, water, or climate events through life-saving early warning systems by the end of 2027.
To operationalize this call, the SADC Secretariat co-convened the Southern Africa Ministerial Conference on Early Warning and Early Action jointly with the African Union Commission (AUC) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in September 2022. Ministers committed to the establishment of early warning systems (EWS) at the national level and endorsed the Maputo Declaration on Early Warning and Early Action. A roadmap was developed to operationalize the implementation of the Maputo declaration, which includes activities such as the development of robust EWS and building capacity for disaster preparedness to inform anticipatory action.
KEPSA Hosts The East Africa Community Secretary General Roundtable (KEPSA)
The Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA) today hosted the East Africa Community (EAC) Secretary General Roundtable at the Nairobi Serena Hotel. This engagement between KEPSA and the EAC Secretariat is a pivotal mechanism for driving regional economic integration, improving the business climate, and ensuring that the private sector’s voice is heard in the policymaking process.
The Community has recorded several achievements in implementing the different stages of integration including the use of an electronic EAC Passport as a common travel document, removal of visa requirements for the EAC citizens from one Partner State to another, issuance of gratis student passes among others, implementation of the Single Customs Territory, and the adoption of a four-band structure. The region is projected to grow by 5.1% this year and 5.7% in 2025, outpacing the global and Sub-Saharan African averages
Speaking at the Roundtable, the EAC Secretary General, H.E. Veronica Nduva, CBS, noted that to forge forward, the regional private sector needs to find a common ground where safeguarding national interests aligns with promoting regional benefits. “To reduce protectionism by EAC Partner States, the private sector needs to embrace product diversification, specialisation and value addition in manufacturing and take advantage of the over 300 million EAC market,” she noted.
Ms. Nduva provided an overview of the intra-EAC Trade value noting that it had increased by 14% to USD 12.2 Billion in 2023 compared to 9.2% at USD 10.7 Billion in 2022 with a percentage share of 13% of total EAC trade with the Rest of the World. “The EAC total trade grew by 2.3 percent to US$80.6 billion in 2023 from US$78.7 billion in 2022,” she added.
The East African Community (EAC) countries are committed to developing a competitive national leather sector, with the goal of driving significant economic growth and fostering regional development. National Coordination Committee Meetings were held in July in Kenya, Rwanda, and the United Republic of Tanzania, under the leadership of the EAC, with support from the International Trade Centre (ITC) and GFA Consulting Group, under the EU-funded EU-EAC Market Access Upgrade Programme (MARKUP II). These consultative workshops aimed to assess and monitor progress in implementing the EAC Leather and Leather Products Strategy, driving strategic sector development and enhancing regional collaboration.
During the meetings, stakeholders shared updates on the national implementation of the EAC Leather Strategy. Key recommendations for fostering growth in the leather sector included: Analyzing export levies impact for the member states and the region: Conducting a comprehensive review and analysis of export levies on raw hides, skins, wet blue leather and crust to ensure maximum benefits for the sector; and Activating the Leather Development Fund in each country: A dedicated fund, potentially sourced from export levies, can be utilized to support the construction of manufacturing facilities, the formation of industry clusters, and other related initiatives.
Jean Baptiste Havugimana, Director of Productive Sectors (DPS), EAC Secretariat said: “Integration within the EAC involves uniting both strong and weak members to ensure collective progress. Strong members must not advance at the expense of weaker ones, and weaker members should strive to rise, not hinder. All partner states benefit equally from this balanced approach. For effective industrialization, collaboration among Partner States and non-state actors, including public, private, and civil society sectors, is crucial in building a unified, prosperous and competitive regional economy.”
Regional countries meet to develop leather value chain (KBC)
The Africa Leather and Leather Products Institute (ALLPI) is targeting to unlock the continent’s leather sector by addressing key challenges facing development of the industry. Through the Regional Leather Value Chain Strategy Validation Workshop which has kicked off in Nairobi bringing together countries under the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), member states are seeking to enhance financial access to industries in the leather value chain, enhance policy frameworks, promote sustainable production practices, and boost intra-regional and global trade through leather and leather products.
“This is not just another meeting; this is where we lay the foundation for a more competitive, sustainable, and integrated leather sector in the COMESA region. The work we do here over the next two days will have lasting impacts on our economies, our communities, and our position in the global market,” Nicholas Mudungwe, Executive Director of ALLPI.
Mr Anwar has been highlighting Malaysia’s planned move to join BRICS. “We should be confident enough to determine our course of action, our priorities, our strategic interests defined on our own terms,” he said at a maritime conference in Kuala Lumpur last month, adding the nation could act as a key trade hub between the East and the West. BRICS, established in 2009, initially included Brazil, Russia, India, and China, while South Africa joined a year later. It has since expanded to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates.
Analysts said Mr Anwar’s decision to join the bloc is understandable, considering the economic potential of BRICS members. Collectively, the bloc is home to more than 40 per cent of the world’s population, contributes a third of the global economy and accounts for a fifth of all trade. “It could become a very formidable bloc,” said Mr Danial Abdul Rahman, CEO of Malaysian think tank Asian Strategy and Leadership Incorporated (ASLI).
“Global GDP (gross domestic product) growth is forecasted at about 3.2 to 3.3 per cent. BRICS countries are closer to about 3.6 per cent… with countries like India and China a bit further up the curve.” Some of the BRICS members control essential commodities and resources around the world, added Mr Danial. “So we’re looking at crude oil and gas, we’re looking at nickel and gold.” While joining BRICS makes sense, how much Malaysia will benefit economically is still debatable, argued economists.
“If there are no trade facilitations, I don’t foresee any tangible benefit economically,” said Dr Muhammed Abdul Khalid, fellow at the National University of Malaysia’s Institute of Malaysian and International Studies.
China, Africa embrace closer economic, trade ties (Xinhua)
China and African countries have developed closer economic and trade ties with increasing trade volume, diversified commodities and services on both sides, the latest data showed. Trade between China and Africa rose 5.5 percent year on year to 1.19 trillion yuan (about $166.6 billion) between January and July, data from China’s General Administration of Customs (GAC) showed.
China has been Africa’s largest trading partner for 15 consecutive years, customs data showed. China-Africa trade reached a record high of 282.1 billion U.S. dollars in 2023, up 1.5 percent year on year, showing strong resilience. In 2023, China’s new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products exports to Africa increased by 291 percent, 109 percent, and 57 percent year on year, respectively. Meanwhile, China’s imports of African nuts, vegetables, flowers, and fruits increased by 130 percent, 32 percent, 14 percent, and 7 percent, respectively, compared to the previous year.
Sang Baichuan, dean of the Institute of International Economy at the University of International Business and Economics, said that the China-Africa trade has grown rapidly as a result of mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation.
The China-Africa Trade Index, based on trade-indicator data between China and African countries, was released for the first time by the GAC in 2023, with the general index of data from 2000 serving as the benchmark. Starting from 100 points in 2000, the index reached a record high of 990.55 points in 2022, indicating the rapid and positive development of China-Africa trade.
“China and Africa economies are highly complementary,” Sang noted, adding that China possesses mature and applicable technologies, equipment, and sufficient capital, while African countries have significant advantages in terms of manpower and natural resources.
Nairobi hosts high-level China-Africa forum to fast-track agricultural transformation (KBC)
Experts from China and Africa convened for a meeting in Nairobi on Tuesday for a high-level forum on agricultural science and technology in an effort to harness the potential of technology to revolutionize agriculture. The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China jointly organized the pivotal forum, which brings together over 150 leaders, agricultural experts, and representatives from renowned companies across Africa.
The gathering aims to accelerate advancements in the agricultural sector, particularly in response to the pressing challenges of climate change and food security across the continent. Countries represented include Kenya, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, and Senegal
Director General of CIMMYT Bram Govaerts said the forum’s objective is to enhance research and innovation and ensure such advancements reach the farmers who need them most. “Through this platform, we aim to improve the delivery of research and innovation to farmers. We will develop a strategic and tactical plan, seek resources for implementation, and ultimately benefit African farmers,” Govaerts said
Across China: Small commodity hub fuels China-Africa trade (Xinhua)
At Yiwu Finder Import and Export Co., Ltd. in Yiwu City, east China’s Zhejiang Province, Ai Bin busily loads two containers bound for Zambia and Ethiopia with various products, including small welding machines, tile cutters and pliers. “Africa is our main market and currently we ship out containers almost daily,” said Ai, the company’s sales department manager. With an abundant variety of commodities, convenient and fast logistics, and a good business environment, Yiwu is often referred to as “the world’s supermarket.”
China has remained Africa’s largest trading partner for 15 consecutive years, with bilateral trade reaching a record 282.1 billion U.S. dollars in 2023, according to the Ministry of Commerce. Thanks to growing China-Africa trade relations, the city’s exports to Africa make up about one twelfth of China’s total exports to the region in 2023, while its imports from Africa are increasing.
“As Africa undergoes industrialization and urbanization, many countries and regions require an extensive supply of construction and agricultural equipment, presenting significant business opportunities,” said Deng Chaofeng, general manager of Zhejiang International Trade Supply Chain Service Co., Ltd. “We rely on cost-effective products and good after-sales service to attract more customers,” Deng added.
Securing IMF, World Bank Support For Africa’s Prosperity (New Telegraph)
Finance Ministers and Central Bank governors from the African continent converged on Abuja for an al- important meeting under the aegis of the “African Caucus”. The three-day meeting with the theme: “Facilitating Intra-African Trade: Catalyst for Sustainable Development in Africa” was declared open by President Bola Tinubu, who was represented by the Vice-President, Kashim Shettima.
Nigeria’s Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Wale Edun, said the meeting underscored the point that trade could stimulate economic growth by creating opportunities for increased production, investment, and job creation. According to Edun, who doubled as Chairperson of the caucus, trade can also provide access to larger markets, new technologies, and capital.
“The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to promote trade among African countries by reducing trade barriers, harmonising regulations, and facilitating the movement of goods and services within the continent,” he said. He said that based on available data, 41 African countries were set for stronger growth of up to 3.8 per cent from about 3.4 per cent in 2022 and rising to 4.3 per cent in 2025. “These exceed the global average of about 3.2 per cent,” he said.
According to Cardoso, the theme of the 2024 meeting, “Facilitating Intra-African Trade: Catalyst for Sustainable Development in Africa”, was timely and fitting. He said that Africa stood at a crossroads, with unprecedented opportunities for development alongside significant challenges. “To navigate this complex landscape and set the continent on a path of sustainable economic growth, we must leverage the support of our global partners. “This is where the IMF/WBG play a critical role. Their expertise and resources can provide the essential impetus needed to unlock the continent’s vast potential,” he said. He said that the continent now stood on the threshold of a new era in economic cooperation through the AfCFTA.
pdf The Abuja Declaration of The African Governors of the IMF and World Bank Group (240 KB)
ICAO Signs New Agreements with African States to Boost Sustainable Aviation Development (ICAO)
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) made a significant step forward in enhancing aviation’s role as a catalyst for sustainable development in Africa. During the AFI Week held in Gabon, ICAO signed four pivotal capacity building and implementation support agreements with Member States, each aimed at strengthening their aviation sectors and alignment with international standards.
Gabon’s Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile entered into a Management Service Agreement (MSA) with ICAO. This comprehensive agreement will provide Gabon with access to ICAO’s expertise, project management and procurement services, and customized training packages. A key focus of this collaboration is the potential development of a Civil Aviation Master Plan, which will chart the strategic growth of Gabon’s aviation sector, ensuring efficient, safe, and sustainable development of infrastructure and services.
Chad’s Autorité de l’Aviation Civile partnered with ICAO for a preliminary assessment of training needs. This crucial project will evaluate the technical and general skills of ADAC’s staff responsible for overseeing civil aviation safety and security. By optimizing human resources, Chad aims to significantly enhance the operational efficiency of its civil aviation authority.
Uganda’s Civil Aviation Authority and ICAO agreed to develop a comprehensive 15-year Air Navigation Plan. This strategic framework will not only guide the implementation of air navigation services and infrastructure but also ensure Uganda’s alignment with international aviation standards, in order to facilitate a safer, more efficient, and higher capacity air navigation system for the East African nation.
South Africa’s Civil Aviation Authority signed a Declaration of Intent to host the next Global Next Generation of Aviation Professionals (NGAP) Summit. Set for February 2025 in Johannesburg, this summit highlights South Africa’s commitment to nurturing the future leaders of the aviation industry.
Quick links
ASEAN, BRICS members discuss food security in Singapore (Daijiworld)
Y20: Youth take the lead in shaping the future of global debate (G20 Brasil 2024)
Balancing Regional Integration Amid Global Rivalries (The Times Of Central Asia)
Voluntary sustainability standards and sustainable development due diligence (UNCTAD)
Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine - Oleh Nemchinov chairs meeting of the Interagency Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (Ukraine Government Portal)
